Lifestyle Choices And Behaviors May Influence Brain Shrinkage In Old Age

by Aruna on  February 26, 2009 at 11:04 AM Mental Health News
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 Lifestyle Choices And Behaviors May Influence Brain Shrinkage In Old Age
A new study says older adults who are physically fit have better spatial memory than those who are less healthy.

Spatial memory is the part of memory responsible for recording information about one's environment and its spatial orientation.

For example, a person's spatial memory is required in order to navigate around a familiar city.

Hippocampus is a brain structure located inside the medial temporal lobe of the cerebral cortex, and plays a major role in short term memory and spatial navigation.

Researchers from the University of Illinois and the University of Pittsburgh have found that fitness increases hippocampus size and improves spatial memory in humans.

Hippocampus size in physically fit adults account for about 40 percent of their advantage in spatial memory.

Previous studies have shown that the hippocampus shrinks with age, a process that coincides with small but significant cognitive declines. However, the rate at which this occurs, however, differs among individuals.

In the new study, the researchers measured the cardiorespiratory fitness of 165 adults (109 of them female) between 59 and 81 years of age.

Then, with the help of magnetic resonance imaging, they conducted a volumetric analysis of the subjects' left and right hippocampi. The participants' spatial reasoning was also tested.

They found a significant association between an individual's fitness and his or her performance on certain spatial memory tests.

"The higher fit people have a bigger hippocampus, and the people that have more tissue in the hippocampus have a better spatial memory," said U. of I. psychology professor Art Kramer, who led the study with Pittsburgh psychology professor Kirk Erickson.

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