A new study has revealed that older adults can compensate for declines in their working memories and language-processing speed , by spending more time familiarizing themselves with new concepts.
According to lead researcher, Elizabeth Stine-Morrow, aging adults have choices in the way they allocate effort in everyday mental tasks like reading. They can compensate for subtle age-related changes rather than either giving in to them or giving up completely on the activity, she said. They also have choices in the way they stay mentally engaged and embrace challenges throughout their lifetimes and into older age.
"But they have more control over their "cognitive vitality" than they may realize," said Elizabeth Stine-Morrow, a professor of educational psychology at the University of Illinois, who has spent 20 years studying learning throughout the lifespan.
It's all part of what she has playfully named the "Dumbledore hypothesis of cognitive aging," based on a line from the headmaster Dumbledore in the third Harry Potter novel:
"It is our choices ... that show what we truly are, far more than our abilities," she said.
"Minor glitches in the cognitive system can loom larger than they perhaps need to because we've got these preconceived ideas about what happens with aging," she said.
She has found that older adults who remember more of what they've read tend to read differently from either younger readers or older readers who remember less. They had learned, consciously or unconsciously, that in order to maintain the same level of comprehension and memory for text as you get older, you have to do it differently'.