Young kids learn to be smart and flexible early in life although they are not really aware of what they are doing, new research has indicated.
Vladimir Sloutsky, co-author of the study and professor of psychology and human development and the director of the Center for Cognitive Science at Ohio State, said that the findings go against one prominent theory that says children can only show smart, flexible behaviour if they have conceptual knowledge - knowledge about how things work.
"Children have more powerful learning skills than it was thought previously. They can show evidence of flexible learning abilities without conceptual knowledge and without being aware of what they learned," he said.
In the study, Sloutsky and his colleague had several groups of 4- and 5-year-olds participate in several experiments.
In all of these experiments, children played a guessing game that involved choosing objects on a computer screen.
The game was played either in the upper right corner on the computer screen (with a yellow background) or in the lower left hand corner of the computer screen (with a green background).
The kids were shown one object and told it had a smiley face behind it. They then guessed which of the other two objects also had a smiley face behind it.
In each case, one of the other objects had the same colour but different shape as the original, while the other had the same shape but a different colour.