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Inflammatory Cells In Fat Tissue May Explain Link Between Obesity And Diabetes

by Gopalan T on August 22, 2010 at 10:43 AM Diabetes News

Inflammatory cells in the fat tissue may explain the link between obesity and diabetes, say Australian researchers.

Inflammatory Cells In Fat Tissue May Explain Link Between Obesity And Diabetes

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The discovery, by Professor Len Harrison and Dr John Wentworth from the Walter and Eliza Hall Institute’s Autoimmunity and Transplantation division, opens the way for new anti-inflammatory treatments that prevent insulin resistance (where the body is unable to respond to and use the insulin it produces) and other complications associated with obesity.

“We have shown that insulin resistance in human obesity is closely related to the presence of inflammatory cells in the fat tissue, in particular a population of macrophage cells,” Professor Harrison said.

Macrophages, white blood cells derived from the bone marrow, are immune cells that normally respond to infections. In obese people, macrophages move into the fat tissue where they cause inflammation and release cytokines, which are chemical messenger molecules used by immune cells to communicate. Certain cytokines cause cells to become resistant to the effects of the hormone insulin, leading to diabetes and heart disease.

Professor Harrison and Dr Wentworth worked with Mr Gaetano Naselli, Ms Belinda Phipson and Dr Gordon Smyth at the institute as well as Professor Paul O’Brien at Monash University’s Centre for Obesity Research and Education to analyse the fat tissue of more than 100 Victorians who had undergone lapband surgery.

Their findings, published in the journal Diabetes, provide the first evidence in humans that macrophages in the fat tissue are producing cytokines that prevent cells from appropriately responding to the presence of insulin.

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