A 1998 study wrongly linking autism with inoculation against three childhood illnesses was finally withdrawn by medical journal The Lancet on Tuesday. The paper was responsible for an uproar on the issue and an enduring backlash against vaccination.
The British journal said it was acting in the light of an ethics judgement last week by Britain's General Medical Council against Andrew Wakefield, the study's lead researcher.
"We fully retract this paper from the published record," The Lancet's editors said in a statement published online.
The 1998 paper suggested there might be a connection between autism and a triple vaccine for measles, mumps and rubella (MMR).
Other experts insisted the claim was spurious, but many parents in Britain were deeply alarmed and refused to have their children vaccinated.
The slump has yet to fully recover today and as a result there has been a rise in measles, placing unprotected young lives at risk, say doctors.
The scare over the vaccine also occurred in the United States, Canada, Australia and New Zealand.
In 2004, 10 of the paper's 13 authors distanced themselves from part of the study, publishing what they called a "retraction of an interpretation."
In last Thursday's ruling, the General Medical Council attacked Wakefield for "unethical" research methods and for showing a "callous disregard" for the youngsters as he carried out tests.
They included invasive procedures such as spinal taps and colonoscopies for which he had not gained ethics approval, and taking blood samples from children at his son's birthday party for five-pound (eight-dollar, six-euro) payments.