An insight into how horses move and breathe may help scientists in developing ways to improve muscular horse health, and a different approach to breathing devices for humans.
A horse makes use of two systems for walking and running in a race. The first system involves its lower limbs that help them to move along on a "spring-like" tendon. The second one comprises a complicated respiratory system, which allows a horse to take in one breadth for every stride they make while racing. However, the secret behind the working of these two systems simultaneously has been a mystery till date.
But now, researchers team led by John Hermanson, Norm Ducharme and Jonathan Cheetham, all of the Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine have uncovered the secrets behind a horse's walking, trotting, galloping and running.
The researchers described that the lower limbs (legs) of horses are what allow them to move, either by walking, trotting, galloping or jumping. An elastic storage area is located inside the forelimbs, made up of long tendons, which are vulnerable to injury during high speed training or racing.
They found that two principal muscular factors in the fore limb guide a horse's forward movement. The first is the springy "pogo-stick" quality of the superficial digital flexor tendon, which provides the "bouncing" effect, which allows for trotting and, to a lesser extent, galloping. The second is work generated by the parallel deep digital flexor, which moves the horse forward over the ground. It is the balance between these two muscles that is required for horses to be able to move.