Scientists at the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine say that digitalis-based drugs like digoxin, which have been used to treat patients with irregular heart rhythms and heart failure for centuries, may prove helpful in treating cancer too.
The researchers came to this conclusion while researching into existing drugs that might slow or stop cancer progression.
"This is really exciting, to find that a drug already deemed safe by the FDA also can inhibit a protein crucial for cancer cell survival," says Dr. Gregg L. Semenza, director of the vascular program at the Johns Hopkins Institute for Cell Engineering and a member of the McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine.
Semenza and his team have long studied the hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF-1) protein, which controls genes that help cells survive under low-oxygen conditions.
HIF-1 turns on genes that grow new blood vessels to help oxygen-starved cells survive. Regions of low oxygen are common within the environment of fast-growing solid tumors.
"Oxygen-deprived cancer cells increase their HIF-1 levels to survive in these unfavourable conditions. So turning down or blocking HIF-1 may be key to slowing or stopping these cells from growing," says Semenza.
For their study, the researchers relied upon the Johns Hopkins Drug Library, a collection of over 3,000 drugs that are either FDA approved or currently being tested in phase II clinical trials, assembled by Hopkins pharmacology professor Jun O. Liu.