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Healthier, Tastier Chocolate Through Cocoa Genome Discovery
Howard Yana-Shapiro, a researcher for Mars, said that without engineering higher-yielding cacao trees, demand would outstrip supply within 50 years.
Yana-Shapiro said the genome would also help biodiversity and farmers' welfare in cacao-growing regions.
Multidisciplinary effort between firms including Mars and IBM, the US department of agriculture and a number of universities resulted in the sequencing of the genome.
"In late 2007, it became very apparent to me that we would not have a continuous supply of cocoa going into the future if we did not intervene on a massive scale to secure our supply chain," the BBC quoted Shapiro as saying at an event at IBM's research labs in Zurich.
"Cote d'Ivoire is the largest producer of cocoa in the world. Mars has bought cocoa from there for sixty years - but when we started to understand the environmental and ecological conditions, the productivity, sociocultural and economic conditions, I realised this was a moment of crisis for this region," he added.
What is needed is to make more cocoa from fewer trees and less land. Under Shapiro's direction, the consortium sequenced the Theobroma cacao genome in a remarkably short time, finishing three years ahead of schedule.
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