British oil major BP is now changing tack. After the four-story dome failed against the relentlessly spreading oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico, it is now trying to put in place a pipe ringed with a gasket to seal the undersea well and channel the oil to a ship.
If the new plan fails, BP could try using a smaller containment dome -- dubbed a "top hat" -- that would be injected with alcohol to act as an antifreeze and keep its outlet clear. And still under consideration is a proposal to plug the damaged well's blowout preventer, which has failed to cut off the leak, with debris such as ground-up rubber and plastic from old tires and golf balls.
The debris would be injected at high pressure into the blowout preventer, a 450-ton device that sits atop the wellhead. If that succeeds, the well would be injected with cement to seal it.
The drill rig Deepwater Horizon exploded April 20 and sank two days later, about 50 miles off the southeast coast of Louisiana, leaving 11 workers lost at sea. The well has been pouring an estimated 210,000 gallons (5,000 barrels) of light, sweet crude into the Gulf for three weeks now. But so far, natural forces, human effort and some good fortune have kept the spill from becoming all-out environmental disaster, scientists said.
BP, the Coast Guard, and state and local authorities have scrambled to keep the oil from reaching shore or the ecologically delicate coastal wetlands off Louisiana. They have burned off patches of the slick, deployed more than 280 miles of protective booms, skimmed as much as 4 million gallons of oily water off the surface of the Gulf and pumped more than 400,000 gallons of chemical dispersants onto the oil.