High cholesterol results in a number of serious
complications like heart attack and stroke, making it imperative to control the
problem with medications.
Drugs from the
statin group like simvastatin and rosuvastatin are often used to decrease the
“bad” cholesterol or LDL-cholesterol. These drugs decrease the production
of cholesterol by the body as well as increase its uptake by the liver, thus
reducing its blood levels.
Ezetimibe is a
comparatively newer drug that acts by decreasing absorption of cholesterol and
phytosterols by the intestines. It is usually used along with statins for added
beneficial effect.
Phytosterols
are similar to cholesterol but obtained from plant sources like nuts and
legumes.
Studies
indicate that souble fibre in the intestines reduce the absorption of
Phytosterols from the diet and thus have a cholesterol-lowering effect. Other
studies however indicate that increase in absorption of phytosterols could have
the same detrimental effects on the body as cholesterol such as hardening of
blood vessels.
Some studies indicate that the cholesterol-lowering
drugs belonging to the statin group, though very effective, can increase the
absorption of phytosterols in the intestine, leading to a mild to moderate
increase of phytosterols in the body. This could lead to an increase in
cardiovascular risk, though this view is still controversial.
Dietary fibers
have been shown to reduce blood cholesterol in prior studies. They could be used along
with cholesterol lowering drugs- thus they may enhance the effect of the drugs
as well as allow the use of lower doses of the cholesterol-lowering drugs,
thereby reducing their side effects.