Having a family member with scleroderma seems to increase a persons risk for developing the disease, but other factors may be at play. Familial studies suggest that there is an increased risk in first degree relatives of scleroderma patients, Feghali-Bostwik said, but our studies looking at concordance of scleroderma in twins suggest than an inherited genetic background is not sufficient to develop scleroderma.
Some studies indicate that environmental factors may be involved in causing the disease. Scleroderma is likely a multigenic disease with environmental components serving as triggers. These environmental factors possibly trigger scleroderma in individuals with a susceptible genetic background, explains Feghali-Bostwik.
Scleroderma can be difficult to diagnose because the symptoms can mimic many other diseases, especially if the joints are involved. If scleroderma is suspected, a doctor often takes a thorough history. During the physical exam, the doctor will check for thickened or hardened areas on the skin.
Raynauds phenomenon, which is a disorder that affects the blood vessels in the fingers, toes, ear and nose, can be a sign of scleroderma. Doctors may order blood tests and/or take a tissue sample. People with scleroderma often have an elevation of certain antibodies and increased collagen production on skin biopsy.
There is currently no cure for scleroderma, but the symptoms can be managed with appropriate treatment. Topical treatments such as moisturizers and corticosteroids may help ease the skin symptoms. Medications such as anti-inflammatory drugs can ease joint stiffness and circulation problems can be addressed with calcium channel blockers and ACE inhibitors, which are most commonly used to treat high blood pressure. Other medications can help with digestive or pulmonary issues. More research is needed to shed light on this disease and hopefully make more progress toward a cure.
Source-Newswise
SRM