Researchers at Yale University School of Medicine have discovered that a drug already used to control a type of epileptic seizure can also prevent future seizures in rats.
Epilepsy is a common
chronic neurological disorder that is characterized by recurrent unprovoked
seizures. These seizures are transient signs and/or symptoms due to abnormal,
excessive or synchronous neuronal activity in the brain.
In the study, the
researchers examined rats that had been genetically engineered to develop
absence seizures and an anticonvulsant drug already approved to treat this
condition, called ethosuximide.
They gave one group
of rats ethosuximide from the age of 21 days, before any epileptic symptoms had
started, until the rats were 8 months old; a second group received the drug
until the rats were only five months old; and a third control group received
unmedicated water.
Then, the scientists
monitored the electrical discharges in the brain that accompany absence
seizures using electroencephalograms, and looked for protein products of genes
associated with the condition.
After eight months,
the study found rats that were still being given ethosuximide unsurprisingly
had about one-third fewer discharges than did the rats fed unmedicated water.
They also had fewer proteins associated with the genes responsible for the
disease.
But the group given
ethosuximide until only five months old showed the same effect, and to about
the same extent.
From the findings,
the researchers concluded that the medication was still having an effect more
than ninety days after being stopped (roughly equivalent to a decade in human
years), and so had suppressed development of the disease.