Desalination Process With Waste Heat, Made Possible By Scientists

A team of scientists have designed systems that make energy-efficient water purification possible, by harnessing the power of osmosis to harvest freshwater from non-potable sources, including seawater and generate electricity from low-temperature heat sources.

The systems were designed by Robert McGinnis, a Yale University doctoral student and his advisor Menachem Elimelech, Chair of Chemical and Environmental Engineering.

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Yale University is commercializing their desalination technology through a newly-established company, Oasys.

Their approach requires only one-tenth the electric energy used with conventional desalination systems.

"The ideal solution is a process that effectively utilizes waste heat," said Elimelech.

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Desalination is a viable solution to the drinking water shortage the world over. India has taken a few good strides towards this end.

According to the authors, desalination and reuse are the only options for increasing water supply beyond that which is available through the hydrologic cycle - the continuous movement of water on, above, and below the surface of the Earth.

However, conventional desalination and reuse technologies use substantial energy.

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Using a new twist on an old technology, the engineers are employing "forward osmosis," which exploits the natural diffusion of water through a semi-permeable membrane.

Their process "draws" pure water from its contaminants to a solution of concentrated salts, which can easily be removed with low heat treatment, effectively desalinating or removing contaminants from water with little energy input.

Elimelech and McGinnis said that it is possible to produce electricity economically from lower-temperature heat sources, including industrial waste heat, using a related method - pressure-retarded osmosis.

In this closed loop process, the "draw" solution is held under high hydraulic pressure.

As water moves into the pressurized draw solution, the pressure of the expanded volume is released through a turbine to generate electrical energy.

The applied hydraulic pressure can be recovered by a pressure exchanger like those used in modern reverse osmosis desalination plants.

"The cost of producing electricity by this method could be competitive with existing means of power production," said Elimelech.

Source-ANI
PRI/L