An Arizona spiritual retreat has now caused the death of 3 people and the murky events have cast a spotlight on the modern-day popularity of an ancient Native American ritual designed to cleanse the soul and purify the mind.
Police in the spiritual center of Sedona are treating the deaths of three people who collapsed after entering a punishing "sweat lodge" as homicide, and are now probing safety precautions in the October 8 incident.
Roughly 60 people paid self-help guru James Arthur Ray 9,000 dollars to go on the retreat involved in the recent tragedy. As well as three fatalities, nearly 20 participants were hospitalized.
Now workers at some of Sedona's roughly 80 retreats, tours, and quests fear the tragedy will tarnish the reputation of sweat lodges, where participants gather around hot stones in a covered underground pit.
"That's one of my greatest fears," said Ed Preston of the SpiritQuest Retreat Center in Sedona. Legislation to regulate sweat lodges "would be completely inappropriate," he told AFP.
Sedona's red rock canyons are home to more than 80 spiritual businesses, according to the chamber of commerce, with names like "Earthstar Vortex Tours," "CosmicJaguar Lovevolution," and "Angel Lightfeather's Sacred Pathways."
Believers say the region is home to several "spiritual vortices", mystical channels of energy.
However, there aren't more than about six or seven sweat lodges in Sedona, and the surrounding area, according to Preston.