A study on fruit flies has revealed that boosting a cellular cleanup-mechanism known as autophagy prevents the age-dependent accumulation of cellular damage in neurons, and promotes longevity.
While scientists are well aware the suppressing autophagy can accelerate the accumulation of protein aggregates that leads to neural degeneration, researchers at the Salk Institute for Biological Studies claim that their study is the first study to show that the opposite is true as well.
We discovered that levels of several key pathway members are reduced in Drosophila neural tissue as a normal part of aging, which suggests there is an age-dependent suppression of autophagy that may be a contributing factor for human neurodegenerative disorders like Alzheimers disease, says senior author Dr. Kim Finley, a scientist in the Cellular Neurobiology Laboratory.
Most experts in the geriatrics field consider the age-related accumulation of proteins and lipids damaged by chemically aggressive forms of oxygen to be a normal part of the ageing process. In most age-associated diseases like Alzheimers, damaged proteins accumulate in excessive amounts, which leads to progressive cell death in the brain.
All cells undergo autophagy, which requires the assembly of specialized vesicles called autophagosomes. The vesicles surround or engulf damaged cellular proteins or structures, and then traffic the bagged garbage to a second group of vesicles, which disposes of the trash with the help of digestive enzymes.
The researchers say that this process can be enhanced when animals are placed on a calorie-restricted diet, a regime known to extend lifespan.