A new research by scientists has suggested that black carbon, a form of particulate air pollution, has a warming effect in the atmosphere three to four times greater than prevailing estimates.
Scripps Institution of Oceanography carried out the research at UC San Diego atmospheric scientist V. Ramanathan and University of Iowa chemical engineer Greg Carmichael.
According to the scientists, soot and other forms of black carbon, which are often produced from biomass burning, cooking with solid fuels and diesel exhaust, could have as much as 60 percent of the current global warming effect of carbon dioxide.
That is more than that of any greenhouse gas besides CO2.
For their research, Ramanathan and Carmichael integrated observed data from satellites, aircraft and surface instruments about the warming effect of black carbon and found that its forcing, or warming effect in the atmosphere, is about 0.9 watts per meter squared.
That compares to estimates of between 0.2 watts per meter squared and 0.4 watts per meter squared that were agreed upon as a consensus estimate in a report released last year by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change.
The most recent observations, in contrast, have found significant black carbon warming effects at altitudes in the range of 2 kilometers (6,500 feet), levels at which black carbon particles absorb not only sunlight but also solar energy reflected by clouds at lower altitudes.
“We now have to examine if black carbon is also having a large role in the retreat of arctic sea ice and Himalayan glaciers as suggested by recent studies,” said Ramanathan.