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Authentic Embryonic Stem Cells Can Be Isolated From Any Mammal Just As In Mice
Chimeras are produced when embryonic stem cells are inserted into a developing blastocyst and those stem cells go on to contribute to a normal embryo with cells of two origins, Ying explained.
As embryonic stem cells can contribute to the germ line, any genetic alterations they carry, like the loss or gain of a gene, can be passed on to the next generation.
While embryonic stem cells have been routinely derived from particular strains of mice since 1981, their capture from rats or other animals had remained elusive.
Now, the researchers have shown that a two- or three-ingredient concoction known as 2i or 3i respectively, which inhibits signals that would otherwise activate the differentiation process, maintains rat embryonic stem cells in their natural default state, allowing them to self-renew, or multiply, as generic stem cells. (The cocktails include inhibitors of GSK3, MEK, and FGF receptor tyrosine kinases.)
Significantly, the isolated cells can produce high rates of chimerism when reintroduced into early stage embryos and can transmit through the germline, they report.
"In the past two decades, embryonic stem cells have been routinely used to create loss of function (knockout) or gene replacement (knockin) mutations by homologous recombination in the mouse, providing an invaluable tool for the functional characterization of genes. Now, the availability of true rat embryonic stem cells provides an opportunity to adapt the technology developed in the mouse to the rat," wrote Ying's group.
The two studies are published the recent issue of the journal Cell, a Cell Press publication.
Source-ANI
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