A child nutrition expert in the
Archives of Disease in Childhood has claimed that an international marketing code for formula milk, intended to foster global cooperation among governments, industry, and aid agencies, has instead been mired in three decades of often bitter dispute.
As long as hostilities continue, improvements in maternal, infant, and child nutrition will be less likely, says Professor Stewart Forsyth, formerly of NHS Tayside.
Professor Forsyth has published widely on the benefits of breast feeding and collaborated with formula milk companies on research.
The Thirty Fourth World Health Assembly adopted the fourth draft of the International Code of Marketing of Breast Milk Substitutes in May 1981 as a minimum requirement to protect and promote appropriate feeding for infants and young children.
Although voluntary, the implementation of the 11 articles of the code, which range from marketing and distribution, through quality standards, to national government responsibilities, is closely monitored by the World Health Organization.
At the time of its inception, it was envisaged that the code would provide a framework for governments, UN bodies, aid agencies, specialists, consumer groups and industry to cooperate fully, says Professor Forsyth.
But instead, he writes: "There has been an unrelenting series of disputes, predominantly relating to alleged violations of the code, which have provoked high profile acrimonious exchanges, boycotts, and legal proceedings."
Crucially, there is a lack of official independent information on the validity or otherwise, of these claims and their outcomes, he adds.