Clonazepam

Clonazepam - Clonotril, Lonazep, Rivotril
Use:

Prophylaxis of petit mal, petit mal variant (Lennox-Gastaut), akinetic, and myoclonic seizures


Pregnancy & Lactation :
Risk Factor - C IV
Warnings & Precautions:

Use with caution in patients with chronic respiratory disease or impaired renal function; abrupt discontinuance may precipitate withdrawal symptoms, status epilepticus or seizures, in patients with a history of substance abuse; clonazepam-induced behavioral disturbances may be more frequent in mentally handicapped patients

Contraindication:

Hypersensitivity to clonazepam, any component, or other benzodiazepines; severe liver disease, acute narrow-angle glaucoma

Adverse Reactions :

>10%: Cardiovascular: Tachycardia, chest pain Central nervous system: Drowsiness, fatigue, ataxia, lightheadedness, memory impairment, insomnia, anxiety, depression, headache Dermatologic: Rash Endocrine & metabolic: Decreased libido Gastrointestinal: Xerostomia, constipation, diarrhea, nausea, increased or decreased appetite, vomiting, decreased salivation Neuromuscular & skeletal: Dysarthria Ocular: Blurred vision Miscellaneous: Diaphoresis .

1% to 10%: Cardiovascular: Syncope, hypotension Central nervous system: Confusion, nervousness, dizziness, akathisia Dermatologic: Dermatitis Gastrointestinal: Weight gain or loss, increased salivation Neuromuscular & skeletal: Rigidity, tremor, muscle cramps Otic: Tinnitus Respiratory: Nasal congestion, hyperventilation
<1%: Menstrual irregularities, blood dyscrasias, reflex slowing, drug dependence


Interactions :

CYP3A3/4 enzyme substrate Decreased effect: Phenytoin, barbiturates may increase clonazepam clearance
Increased toxicity: CNS depressants may increase sedation


Over Dose / Poisoning :

May produce somnolence, confusion, ataxia, diminished reflexes, or coma Treatment for benzodiazepine overdose is supportive. Rarely is mechanical ventilation required. Flumazenil has been shown to selectively block the binding of benzodiazepines to CNS receptors, resulting in a reversal of benzodiazepine-induced CNS depression, but not respiratory depression.


Dosage :

Oral: Children <10 years or 30 kg: Initial daily dose: 0.01-0.03 mg/kg/day (maximum: 0.05 mg/kg/day) given in 2-3 divided doses; increase by no more than 0.5 mg every third day until seizures are controlled or adverse effects seen Usual maintenance dose: 0.1-0.2 mg/kg/day divided 3 times/day; not to exceed 0.2 mg/kg/day

Adults: Initial daily dose not to exceed 1.5 mg given in 3 divided doses; may increase by 0.5-1 mg every third day until seizures are controlled or adverse effects seen Usual maintenance dose: 0.05-0.2 mg/kg; do not exceed 20 mg/day Hemodialysis: Supplemental dose is not necessary


Patient Information :

Take exactly as directed (do not increase dose or frequency); may cause physical and/or psychological dependence. While using this medication, do not use alcohol and other prescription or OTC medications (especially pain medications, sedatives, antihistamines, or hypnotics) without consulting prescriber.

Maintain adequate hydration (2-3 L/day of fluids unless instructed to restrict fluid intake). You may experience drowsiness, dizziness, or blurred vision (use caution when driving or engaging in tasks requiring alertness until response to drug is known); nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite, or dry mouth (small frequent meals, frequent mouth care, chewing gum, or sucking lozenges may help); constipation (increased exercise, fluids, or dietary fruit and fiber may help). If medication is used to control seizures, wear identification that you are taking an antiepileptic medication. Report excessive drowsiness, dizziness, fatigue, or impaired coordination; CNS changes (confusion, depression, increased sedation, excitation, headache, agitation, insomnia, or nightmares) or changes in cognition; difficulty breathing or shortness of breath; changes in urinary pattern, changes in sexual activity; muscle cramping, weakness, tremors, or rigidity; ringing in ears or visual disturbances, excessive perspiration, or excessive GI symptoms (cramping, constipation, vomiting, anorexia); worsening of seizure activity, or loss of seizure control. Pregnancy/breast-feeding precautions: Inform prescriber if you are or intend to be pregnant. Breast-feeding is not recommended.





Comments

0098525, Philippines

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ricci, Philippines

can ferrous sulfate overdose be a cause of memory loss or memory degeneration? i know a friend who overdosed himself with more than 50 capsules of United Home ferrous sulfate in a suicidal attempt. Luckily, he's still alive. he storied to me that after few hours of overdosing FeSO4, he vomited and his stool became very dark brown. After that, his life became normal although he's complaining that most of the times, he suddenly forgets facts/information which he already memorized or been too long to know such info. There are also times that when he's too much drunk, he can't remember any detail or any information of things that have transpired when he became drunk. i hope you can help me.

ASHISHMARBADE, India

I HAVE KNOW VERY GOOD INFORMATION FROM YOUR WEB PORTAL. ASHISH