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Dialysis
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Symptoms - Kidney Disease |
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The waste products accumulate in kidney disease and lead to different symptoms. When kidneys become diseased or damaged, waste products and fluids build up in the body. You could have nausea or loss of appetite. You could also feel weak and irritable. There is water retention in the limbs or generally throughout the body called (called edema). The blood pressure can be raised (hypertension) and decreased production of red blood cells can lead to lowering of hemoglobin (anemia). On testing blood and urine samples, the following changes may be seen: Albuminuria or Proteinuria - Albumin, a vital protein component is lost in the urine. Hypoalbuminemia - Inadequate amount of protein in the blood. Hyperlipidemia - Excess of fats in the blood. Anemia - Decrease in the number of red blood corpuscles. Hypocalcemia - Inadequate amount of calcium in the blood. Hyperkalemia - Increase in the level of potassium in the blood. The blood also has elevated levels of urea, creatinine. Kidney Disease: The two most common causes of kidney disease are Diabetes and High blood pressure. Inflammation of kidney called Glomerulonephritis or infection of the kidney called Pyelonephritis can also lead to kidney failure. The kidney diseases of interest are briefly mentioned. Acute & Chronic Glomerulonephritis: This is due to inflammation of the "Glomerulus".Most kidney diseases attack the nephron causing them to loose their filtering capacity.This usually is a slow, gradual process and can sometimes take many years. Sometimes it can also happen in a short span of time.Glomerulus forms the sieve part of the nephrons. Depending on the extent of the inflammation either the glomerulus can recover completely or partially or not at all.This inflammation usually can occur three to four weeks after an attack of sore throat or tonsillitis.If they are destroyed by this inflammation, kidney failure sets in.Usually an acute glomerulonephritis recovers in 2-3 weeks.Acute glomerulonephritis can lead to long-term changes.If the glomeruli are damaged,they slowly become completely burnt out over months or years.This irrecoverable damage is called "Chronic Glomerulonephritis". Pyelonephritis: E. Coli is the commonest organism causing Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) This usually can start as a urinary tract infection (UTI). The infection affects the kidney and the renal tubules are destroyed. Over years, the urine's concentrating capacity can be lost. This leads to dehydration and salt loss and eventually leading to kidney failure. Diabetes & Kidney disease: There are two types of Diabetes Mellitus. One is dependent on Insulin and other is not dependent on Insulin In almost 25% of all diabetics kidneys can get affected at some stage leading to kidney failure. Usually this is a very gradual process. The incidence of kidney diseases in diabetes is even higher if there is associated hypertension (raised blood pressure). Nephrotic Syndrome: A syndrome is a combination of signs and symptoms characteristic of a specific condition Large numbers of kidney disease patients develop this syndrome. In this condition large amount of proteins are lost in the urine. Nephrotic Syndrome: Normally less than 200mg of protein is lost in the urine whereas in nephrotic syndrome as much as 30 Gms of protein can be lost in the urine every day. As a result, the level of proteins in the blood falls and this produces swelling of the face and body (called edema) due to retention of water or fluid. Nephrotic syndrome can happen if there is associated inflammation of kidney (Glomerulonephritis). The Glomerulus normally has a 'sieve' like structure and when blood passes through the glomerulus the water and minerals escape through this sieve. The sizes of holes in the sieve are very small and through this the larger protein molecules do not escape. In some types of glomerulonephritis the size of these holes increase leading to loss of protein or album in the urine. Polycystic Kidney Disease: This is an inherited condition. In this condition many cysts (small bags filled with watery fluid) replace the normal kidney substance. This condition affects both the kidneys and usually the size of the kidney can be twice or thrice their normal size. Polycystic kidney disease can present in children or adults. The disease can be silent for many years and first present after the age of forty years with increased blood pressure and anemia. Other Causes of Kidney Failure: Some commonly available medicines, which are taken to reduce pain, can cause kidneys to fail if taken regularly. If you are taking painkillers regularly you should check with your doctor and ask him if they are likely to affect the kidneys. Biopsy- Kidney Biopsy means taking a small piece of tissue from the organ and examining it under the microscope to learn about the nature of the disease affecting the organ. To find out about the exact nature and cause of kidney disease your doctor may want to remove a small piece of kidney tissue and examine it under the microscope. To obtain this tissue samples the doctor will perform a kidney (also called Renal) biopsy. This is done as a hospital procedure in the x-ray department. The needle used for biopsy is small in size and takes out a 2 to 3cm piece of tissue. Before doing a biopsy the doctor will do a few blood test and give local anesthesia so that you don't feel the pain. |
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Posted by:
sukhpreet15(Guest)
Posted on: 09/21/2011 my daddy age 71 yrs showing createnine 3.8 in apr,4.2 in june,4.8 in aug and 7.3 in sept.But not showing any clinical symtoms.plz any one can guide me what to do.
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Posted by:
Satkam(Guest)
Posted on: 05/29/2010 Are there medical facilities to do these procedures for people living in small towns of India? How expensive will it be? |
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